Product design is the process of finding optimal solutions to a defined set of problems in a given product or system, with a focus on aspects of user-product relationships such as ease of assembly, ease of maintenance, effective product understanding, visual aesthetics, and ease of use.

The product has in it various attributes like shape, colour, size, weight, cost, value, etc. that affect a buyer’s decisions. To understand the effects of these attributes in already available products or in a conceptual product, several evaluation methods are adopted by the designer. Some of them are paired comparison, cluster analysis, factor analysis, bi-polar matrix, and, lately, multi-dimensional scaling. INDSCAL is one of the techniques of MDS, performed with the help of a computer programme.