Bionics (also known as biomimetics, biognosis, biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering) is the application of methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. It is a multi-disciplinary subject involving a wide diversity of other domains like electronics, informatics, medicine, biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and many others. This discipline has already shown the way to a number of innovations and improvements in space engineering. Often, the study of bionics emphasises the imitation of a biological structure rather than just the implementation of its function. For example, in computer science, cybernetics tries to model actual organic structures that make humans intelligent, while artificial intelligence tries to model intelligent functions regardless of the particular way they can be achieved. The conscious copying of examples and mechanisms from natural organisms and ecologies is a form of applied case-based reasoning, treating nature itself as a database of solutions that already work. Proponents argue that the selective pressure placed on all natural life forms minimises and removes failures. Although almost all engineering could be said to be a form of biomimicry, the modern origins of this field are usually attributed to Buckminster Fuller and its later codification as a field of study to Janine Benyus.