Drawing/illustrations help the students to visualise concepts, ideas etc. Which are abstract. It also helps in providing information and explaining experimental set-ups and theories so that the student is able to grasp the matter easily. For example, the distribution of electrons, the microscopic diagram of a cell, skin etc. Diagrams help understanding the principles, experimental procedures. The textbooks illustrations lack certain qualities which create problems for the students at their level to tackle. For example, an object say a clamp is represented in many ways which tend to create confusion in the students mind. Misinterpretation is also possible in such cases. The skill of the students at their respective age groups have to be considered, keeping in mind that the diagrams has to be reproduced by him/her. The students medium of representations is pencil. It becomes really a difficult task for the student to reproduce certain diagrams as they have thick and thin lines, varied perspectives, differences in shading etc.

A city is a screen that reflects with great sensitivity the lives and thoughts of its citizens. The form of a city is created as a reflection of the changing sense of value of the people living in its various sections as time goes on. In this context, the formulation of an urban image is an important element in the creation of the unique aesthetics of a city. The richness and depth of a cityscape are formulated over its long years of history and the protection and efforts of its citizens. And the quality of a given city is accumulated through the sense of values of its people through the ages. The time since independence through the period of economic growth and up to the present has indeed been a time of confused values, and today we continue to live amidst the echos of that confusion. The elements that make up a city include not only such large facilities as public offices, housing, and commercial architecture; there are also a number of urban facilities and tools close to the daily lives of the people that work together to support the urban environment.

Anyone who wishes to write for children must be able to daydream and think like a child and must have the ability to roam freely in the world of imagination. Going through Rabindranath Tagore’s poems, one could easily see how he identifies himself with children. For example, take his poem, “Veer Purush”. In this poem, Khokha imagines that he goes to distant places riding on a red horse and escorting his mother, who is travelling in a palanquin. Suddenly, the dacoits surround the palanquin. Khokha unsheathes his sword, fights bravely, and puts the dacoits to rest. He thus bravely saves his mother. Khokha then fantasises that he sits on the lap of his mother and is fondled by her. Only a mind that thinks like a child could have written such a poem. Those who would like to write stories for children should be like a child at heart, or at least have a good knowledge of child psychology. By the time a person grows up to be an adult, he tends to forget what it is like to be a child.

Toys, in the Indian context, have been much more than mere playthings. Somehow, these have also had very simplistic relationships with the activities, objects, and living beings that are a very important part of our lives. These have also been excellent examples of reusing waste or recycled materials and have also been relevant to the economy and social status of the people by being cheap (cost-wise) and yet carrying with them the very human qualities and creativity of the toymaker. These probably had a deep understanding of the nature of kids, and thus most of the toys were not “breakproof”. This temporariness and the low cost had always made these toys affordable as well as “disposable” after lives. And bamboo, a versatile material, is highly valued for its use in most of the economical toys.

A shop is fundamentally a simple thing. It has always consisted of a shelter with an entrance front used to advertise and display the business within, a sales room where customers can inspect and buy the goods stored there by the merchant, and a service entrance for incoming and outgoing merchandise. The test of its functional fitness is how well it integrates these three basic requirements.

Here we discuss the various aspects of the shopfront, dealing with the shop signs and the window display of the shop. As a designer, the factors that are taken into consideration while designing a shop facade are briefly covered in this report, which is mainly a photo documentation of shop signs covering shops in various areas of Bombay and Pune.

Jalis, three dimentional lattice screens. These screens make interesting surface patterns. It was Islamic architecture that gave birth to jalis. After the eleventh century, when Muslims came to India, some of the most beautiful monuments were constructed with excellent jail patterns, which decorated the surface beauty of the monuments. For example, the tomb of Salim Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri.

Jalis are part of an architectural decoration. The formulation of patterns in the jalis is mathematically calculated considering the different angles, degrees, and symmetry. The basic geometric forms seen in the construction of a jail pattern are a square, a circle, and a triangle. A subdivision of any of these can give us other geometric patterns like a pentagon, a hexagon, an octagon, and so on, as well as a rhombus, triangles, etc. Animal motif and foliage patterns abound, but numerous are still repetitions of abstract forms—circles, crescents, rectangles, and arrangements of stripes and lines.