In France, the manufacture of pastels was originated in the 15^th century. Leonardo da Vinci who learned it from French artist Jean Parreal mentioned about Pastels in his work. Joseph Vivien was the first French artist who specialized in pastel portraits.

During 18th century, this medium became popular for portrait painting. After French revolution many famous artists used pastels on canvas mixed with Gouache.

Joseph Vivien:

Joseph Vivien, Portrait of Charles Albert of Bavaria, 1717-1719
[Images source]

Eugène Delacroix:

Orphan Girl at the Cemetery, 1823 by Eugène Delacroix
[Image Source]

Édouard Manet:

Portrait of Eva Gonzalès, 1878 pastel on canvas by Édouard Manet
[Image Source]

Edgear Degas (1834-1917) made this medium popular in French Impressionism. He was a fearless innovator who painted with pastel with his unique techniques. With his magical color and great skill at composition he brought pastels to wide acclaim.


La Toilette (Woman Combing Her Hair), c. 1884–1886, Pastel on paper, by Edgar Degas
[Image Source]

Odilon Redon:

Portrait of Ari Redon in Profile, Pastels by Odilon Redon
[Image Source]

Mary Cassatt:

Lydia Leaning on Her Arms, Seated in Loge (1879)  by Mary Cassatt
[Image Source]