Wells or ponds in which the water is reached by descending a set of steps are Stepwells. Usually, stepwells are covered and protected. They are multi-storied having architectural significance. They are most common in western India. Stepwells are the best examples of water storage and irrigation tanks developed in India to deal with seasonal fluctuations in water availability. During periods of drought, the stepwell ensures the availability of water. These well-built, sturdy structures had social, cultural, and religious significance. Along with providing water, stepwells served a purpose of leisure. This was because the base of the well provided relief from the daytime heat. Women were collecting the water frequently, so they were more associated with these wells. They prayed and offered gifts to the goddess of the well for her blessings. The place also served as a place for social gatherings and religious ceremonies. Stepwells are built with two parts, a vertical shaft from which water is drawn and the surrounding persuaded underground passageways, chambers, and steps which provide access to the well. The galleries and chambers surrounding them became incredible, quiet retreats during the hot summers as they are carved with intricate details.
The first rock-cut stepwells in India date from 200-400 AD. One of the earliest existing examples of stepwells was built in the 11th century in Gujarat, the Mata Bhavani's Stepwell. A long flight of steps leads to the water below a sequence of multi-story open pavilions positioned along the east/west axis. Stepwell is a prominent example of art where the columns, brackets, and beams are adorned with detailing. Water has an important part in rituals from the time of Vedas. The steps to reach the water level in artificially construed tanks can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization. The Mughal rulers did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells.
View of the stepwell from the top.
