1803, Modern papermaking began in Europe with the development of the Fourdrinier machine.
 

1831, Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–96) was born in Tehran. He began his reign as a reformer but became increasingly conservative.
 

1857, the Mughal Empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian rebellion.
 

1862: Bahadur Shah II the last of the Mogul rulers dies. India becomes a British Colony. He was an expert calligrapher.
 

1865: William Bullock invented the Bullock Press, which was the first press to be fed by continuous roll paper.
 

1882: Mohammad Reza Kalhor (1829-1892) calligraphed the Ordo-e Homayoun (auspicious camp) Newspaper. He was one of Nassereddin Shah's calligraphy tutors. Kalhor had a special interest in Mir Emad's calligraphy style and followed his rules in calligraphy; but ultimately he had his own flavour in Persian calligraphy that made his art different. He adapted Nasta’liq style with modern lithography techniques.
 

1884 (1301 AH) Mirza Gholam Reza Isfahani (1830-1887 / 1246-1304 AH.) wrote a Nastaliq inscription in Sepahsalar Masjid in Tehran. He was a great calligrapher in Nastaliq and Shekasteh of Nasseraddin Shah Qajar court.
 

1892: Mirza Mohammad-Reza Kalhor (1828 - 1892) died.