This was the first book to be published in an Indian language. Using paper brought from China, Portuguese missionary Henrique Henriques (also known as Anrique Anriquez) produced "Thambiraan Vanakkam," the first book ever written in an Indian language. The 10x14 cm book, according to Tamil historian Pulavar S. Raju, contained 16 pages with 24 lines each and was written in the exact Tamil script that was later employed on palm leaves and stones. The book was a translation of Francis Xavier's "Doctrina Christam," which was originally written in Portuguese.

The design of Thambiran Vanakkam holds notable significance. It is considered one of the earliest available books in an Indian font. The manuscript showcases preserved impressions of Tamil letters, providing valuable historical evidence of early Tamil writing. The design of the book, including its materials and binding, reflects the craftsmanship of the time. It serves as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Tamil language and its written tradition, allowing us to appreciate the artistry and design choices made in early Indian manuscripts.